Multidisciplinary care of older adults in the emergency department to influence deprescribing in older adults: a cohort study

Abstract

Background Inappropriate polypharmacy in older adults is a major health problem associated with poor clinical and health service outcomes. Aim We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a geriatric pharmacist service in the emergency department (ED) identifying potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). Method Between 1 June 2018–31 May 2019, adults ≥70 years of age presenting to ED were reviewed by the Geriatric Emergency Department Intervention (GEDI) pharmacist. The intervention consisted of pharmacist-led medication review using Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions (STOPP) and Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria, patient education on recommendations, an updated medication list, and a letter sent to their general practitioner (GP) electronically. For eligible consenting older adults, telephone calls were made at least 28 days post-discharge to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. A survey with GPs after 6 months determined how recommendations were perceived. Ethics approval was granted by the Metro North Health B Human Research Ethics Committee (reference no: HREC/18QCH/69–1245) and research governance approval was granted by the study site (Cairns Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, reference no: SSA/Q12345/40673). Informed consent was obtained from all participants via a project information sheet and either the completion of a written consent form (patient participants), verbal consent before interview (GP participants), or implied consent via email responses (GP participants). Routinely collected health data obtained for this study were de-identified and data included in the follow-up study was de-identified. Results The GEDI pharmacist reviewed 1214 older adults with an average age of 81 years. The median number of prescribed medications was 10 and 36.8% of older adults had STOPP recommendations. When contacted (n = 35), of those enrolled in the follow-up study, 71% had stated their medications changed, 40% reported all STOPP medications had ceased, and 69% had START medications commenced, suggesting the recommendations provided were clinically appropriate and readily accepted by their GPs. Conclusion Integration of a geriatric pharmacist demonstrated ample opportunities to address PIP in targeted older adults presenting to ED. This study shows that the pharmacist was able to promote appropriate prescribing through patient education and recommendations communicated to the GP on discharge.