In situ and mobile simulation

Abstract

In situ simulation (ISS) is a specific example of mobile simulation. It involves blending simulated and real healthcare working environments, e.g. by using a manikin or simulated patient scenario within a working emergency department, ward or operating theatre. This involves using all the standard equipment, medications, staff and care processes that would usually be applied to a {\textquoteleft}real{\textquoteright} patient in that area. This approach aims to improve transfer of training because of the increased physical resemblance and task fidelity of the simulation. ISS ideally involves simulation that accounts for and is fully integrated with clinical operations, people, information technology and systems. Communication between healthcare teams is a crucial element of system performance and {\textquoteleft}intergroup conflict{\textquoteright} and healthcare tribalism is a specific challenge. ISS can provide a venue to develop inter-team coordination skills and processes and to open discussion about fundamental conflicts between teams in an authentic way.