Mental Health During Late Pregnancy and Postpartum in Mothers With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: The ENDIA Study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy and type 1 diabetes are each associated with increased anxiety and depression, but the combined impact on well-being is unresolved. We compared the mental health of women with and without type 1 diabetes during pregnancy and postpartum and examined the relationship between mental health and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were women enrolled from 2016 to 2020 in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study, a pregnancy to birth prospective cohort following children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were completed during the third trimester (T3) (median [interquartile range] 34 [32, 36] weeks) and postpartum (14 [13, 16] weeks) by 737 women (800 pregnancies) with (n = 518) and without (n = 282) type 1 diabetes. RESULTS: EPDS and PSS scores did not differ between women with and without type 1 diabetes during T3 and postpartum. EPDS scores were marginally higher in T3: predicted mean (95% CI) 5.7 (5.4, 6.1) than postpartum: 5.3 (5.0, 5.6), independent of type 1 diabetes status (P = 0.01). HbA1c levels in type 1 diabetes were 6.3% [5.8, 6.9%] in T3 and did not correlate with EPDS or PSS scores. Reported use of psychotropic medications was similar in women with (n = 44 of 518 [8%]) and without type 1 diabetes (n = 17 of 282 [6%]), as was their amount of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, mental health in late pregnancy and postpartum did not differ between women with and without type 1 diabetes, and mental health scores were not correlated with glycemic control.1935-5548Hall, Madeleine <br />Oakey, Helena <br />Penno, Megan A S <br />McGorm, Kelly <br />Anderson, Amanda J <br />Ashwood, Pat <br />Colman, Peter G <br />Craig, Maria E <br />Davis, Elizabeth A <br />Harris, Mark <br />Harrison, Leonard C <br />Haynes, Aveni <br />Orcid: 0000-0001-9954-5016 <br />Morbey, Claire <br />Sinnott, Richard O <br />Soldatos, Georgia <br />Vuillermin, Peter J <br />Wentworth, John M <br />Orcid: 0000-0002-5197-3529 <br />Thomson, Rebecca L <br />Orcid: 0000-0002-7807-4144 <br />Couper, Jennifer J <br />Orcid: 0000-0003-4448-8629 <br />ENDIA Study Group. <br />Barry, Simon C <br />Kim, Ki Wook <br />Morahan, Grant <br />Rawlinson, William D <br />Brown, James D <br />Hu, William <br />Huynh, Dao <br />McGorm, Kelly J <br />Watson, Kelly <br />Park, Yeon <br />Hamilton-Williams, Emma <br />Beresford, Sarah <br />Bertram, Samantha <br />Bezuidenhout, Debra <br />Brandrick, Susan <br />Butterworth, Carlie <br />Catteau, Jacki <br />Clements, Nakita <br />Gartrell, Kyana <br />Griffiths, Helen <br />Gwiazdzinski, Alison <br />Hall, Candice <br />Harper, Gail <br />Hulley, Amanda <br />Hoffman, Mikayla <br />Kludas, Renee <br />Monagle, Christine <br />Moore, Belinda <br />Ramoso, Benjamin <br />Roberts, Alison <br />Thompson, Georgina <br />Tully, Alexandra <br />Vicary, Isabelle <br />Wood, Rosemary <br />Battersby, Rachel <br />Jullie, Teela <br />Savio, Stephanie <br />Bandala Sanchez, Esther <br />Bediaga, Naiara <br />Hope, Chris <br />Sadlon, Tim <br />Roth Schulze, Alexandra <br />Binkowski, Sabrina <br />Brittain, Bek <br />Bui, Minh <br />Foskett, Dylan <br />Huang, Dexing <br />Kapadia, Stuti <br />Minhaj, Asma <br />Naselli, Gaetano <br />Ngui, Katrina <br />Nguyen, Trung <br />Wood, Emily <br />Yau, Cynthia <br />Cavenett, Leanne <br />Journal Article <br />United States <br />Diabetes Care. 2022 Feb 2:dc212335. doi: 10.2337/dc21-2335. <br />