Comparative Viral Sampling in the Sinonasal Passages; Different Viruses at Different Sites

Abstract

Background: With the emergence of the microbiome as an important factor in health and disease in the respiratory tract standardised, validated techniques are required for its accurate characterisation. No standardised technique has been reported specifically for viral sampling in the sinonasal passages. Aim: To optimise viral sampling techniques from the sinonasal cavity. Methods: Sterile cytology brushes were used under endoscopic guidance to sample the sinonasal mucosa at time of endoscopic sinus surgery at both the middle and inferior meatuses (MM and IM). DNA and RNA were extracted from the samples and underwent PCR or RT-PCR testing, respectively, for a panel of 15 common upper respiratory tract viruses. Results: Twenty-four adult patients were recruited for this study. 18/24 (75%) patients were positive for virus in at least one site, while 8/24 (33%) were positive for virus at both sites. The mean number of viruses identified at the two sites were similar (0.875 ± 0.899 at the MM vs. 0.750 ± 1.032 at the IM). 6/24 (25%) of patients showed no virus at either site, while 3/24 (12.5%) demonstrated the same viral species at both sites. Conclusion: Although the number of viruses present at different sites with the nasal cavity are similar, discord exists in the viral species between sites. It is therefore recommended that both sites are sampled in the clinical and research setting better to characterise the viral species within the nasal cavity.eCollection. Cited Medium: Internet. NLM ISO Abbr: Front Cell Infect Microbiol. PubMed Central ID: PMC6156342. Linked References: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Sep;142(3):834-843.e2. (PMID: 29518419); PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e39842. (PMID: 22916092); J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Nov;42(11):5189-98. (PMID: 15528714); J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jan;37(1):132-6. (PMID: 9854077); J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Mar;51(3):979-84. (PMID: 23325817); Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Apr;39(2):213-218. (PMID: 29579772); Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):37-43. (PMID: 26867528); Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Apr;39(2):199-212. (PMID: 29579771); Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):e197-200. (PMID: 26637569); J Med Virol. 2009 Mar;81(3):488-93. (PMID: 19152414); J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Sep;41(9):4378-81. (PMID: 12958272); Intervirology. 2014;57(2):101-5. (PMID: 24557082); J Virol Methods. 2001 Feb;91(2):109-17. (PMID: 11164492); J Virol Methods. 2009 Mar;156(1-2):102-6. (PMID: 19041346); Am J Rhinol. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6):634-6. (PMID: 17181108); Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011 Jan;24(1):210-29. (PMID: 21233513); Laryngoscope. 2014 Apr;124(4):832-7. (PMID: 23929535); Rev Med Virol. 2010 May;20(3):156-76. (PMID: 20127751); Am J Pathol. 1996 Oct;149(4):1111-8. (PMID: 8863660); J Clin Virol. 2012 May;54(1):83-5. (PMID: 22361219); Genome Med. 2016 Apr 27;8(1):51. (PMID: 27122046); Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Sep;129(3 Suppl):S1-32. (PMID: 12958561); Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015 Jan-Feb;29(1):19-22. (PMID: 25590310); Pediatrics. 2008 Sep;122(3):e615-20. (PMID: 18725388); J Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 15;189(4):652-7. (PMID: 14767819); J Med Virol. 1995 Jan;45(1):71-7. (PMID: 7714494); Thorax. 2018 Oct;73(10):969-979. (PMID: 29247051); BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jan 09;14:15. (PMID: 24405747); Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2015 Mar 21;8(3):e20068. (PMID: 25861437); Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015 Apr;152(2 Suppl):S1-S39. (PMID: 25832968); J Clin Virol. 2005 Aug;33(4):341-4. (PMID: 15927526); J Clin Virol. 2010 Sep;49(1):73-4. (PMID: 20667767); J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Nov;40(11):4337-9. (PMID: 12409425); Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2011 Mar-Apr;1(2):95-100. (PMID: 22287325); Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Feb 28;8:57. (PMID: 29541629); Rhinology. 1993 Dec;31(4):183-4. (PMID: 8140385); J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Mar;42(3):981-6. (PMID: 15004041); Rhinol Suppl. 2007;20:1-136. (PMID: 17844873); Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015 Jul;15(7):41. (PMID: 26143392); J Med Virol. 2009 Sep;81(9):1613-9. (PMID: 19626617); Exp Lung Res. 2014 Sep;40(7):327-32. (PMID: 25058379); Laryngoscope. 1997 Jul;107(7):923-5. (PMID: 9217132); Virol J. 2014 Dec 24;11:233. (PMID: 25539740); J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Apr;41(4):1565-8. (PMID: 12682146); J Med Virol. 2003 Jun;70(2):228-39. (PMID: 12696109); Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005 Dec;53(4):335-7. (PMID: 16269224); J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1;196(9):1321-8. (PMID: 17922396); Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005 Jul;11(7):530-41. (PMID: 15983553); Am J Clin Pathol. 1993 Nov;100(5):502-6. (PMID: 8249889). Linking ISSN: 22352988. Subset: MEDLINE; Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Sep 19. ; Original Imprints: Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA <br />