Myopia Progression Management: Current Trends and Future Directions

Abstract

The prevalence of myopia has increased significantly in recent decades. Myopia has become one of the most common vision impairments globally, driven by genetic and environmental factors, including increased near work and reduced time outdoors. Reducing myopia progression is critical to mitigating its associated long-term risks. A substantial body of research has demonstrated the efficacy of various methods in slowing myopia progression, However, there is no clear consensus on myopia management as publications frequently present conflicting evidence. This narrative review aims to provide evidence-informed clinical guidance by summarising current strategies for managing myopia progression in the context of a rapidly evolving evidence base. It highlights practical, evidence-based approaches, including pharmacological treatments, optical interventions, lifestyle and environmental modifications, and emerging therapies and discusses the role of public health campaigns and policy initiatives.