Longitudinal Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study in Young Children With Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes Followed in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) At-Risk Cohort Study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To characterize longitudinal continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in young children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 2021 and 2024, children in the Australian ENDIA study with persistent multiple islet autoimmunity underwent blinded CGM assessments every 3-6 months. CGM-derived metrics (SD sensor glucose, coefficient of variation, mean sensor glucose, and percent CGM time >7.8 mmol/L [140 mg/dL]) were determined for each child by time from islet autoantibody detection. RESULTS: A total of 178 CGM assessments were analyzed for 36 children (median [Q1, Q3] age at first assessment 4.5 [3.5, 6.0] years) who underwent a median of 5.5 (2.0, 7.0) assessments of 11 (9, 15) days duration each. High within-person variability was observed in serial CGM metrics, including percent CGM time >7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to inform interpretation of CGM-derived metrics in young children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes.